tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10769865043633118382024-02-21T19:04:05.288+06:00Bloggers-Boobloggers-boo is a blog containing some mysterious but interesting subject. You will be wondered to read these amazing fact.Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-7033660497774242462021-12-14T17:39:00.003+06:002022-01-30T02:17:40.891+06:00Lachlan Connor | Became A Musical Talent By Head Injury<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Lachlan Connor: I became a musical prodigy after a head injury</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhjRcfpD9pTa7eJL7702HGeAVxWZUCzTIbyji2-E3lKStR6O6i15AKDiV69kY3_ehlv7TlQ6Zpaeprx3MtDFD8XH0cq7b8dnZYPVOBhXcAyJCsrlMdUNdanPUV1Z6mqFUZF0dVS2rQnA0KZR12leIy4g4lDOfpDDvv6xXSYB3-FnBtvHb1mUHB5fQvi=s600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="541" data-original-width="600" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhjRcfpD9pTa7eJL7702HGeAVxWZUCzTIbyji2-E3lKStR6O6i15AKDiV69kY3_ehlv7TlQ6Zpaeprx3MtDFD8XH0cq7b8dnZYPVOBhXcAyJCsrlMdUNdanPUV1Z6mqFUZF0dVS2rQnA0KZR12leIy4g4lDOfpDDvv6xXSYB3-FnBtvHb1mUHB5fQvi=w400-h361" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b>[Graphic content source: <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2511439/Denver-teen-Lachlan-Connors-musical-genius-suffering-concussion.html">Mail Online</a>]</b></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">MUSIC - A high school student from Denvers believes that a series of head injuries may have contributed to his astonishing musical talent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">According to CBS Denver, Lachlan Connors was not particularly gifted in music as a child. But a few years ago, he suffered several head injuries that sent him to the hospital for weeks, and caused epileptic seizures. Connors is now able to play "roughly 10 to 13 instruments" according to CBS.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTnw2Ln8qGWCdDquZQBt7L5TskNaUuhREsbnxp6kMGBX0yi-WMKCnDUPyDLNrnF-xcZjKpJv0WQNvGz2XrPriKDhk0tOB6gO5sa9C3EDSDih_vO_OrFXmbAVkuqApvVr8H_Xjib0GkOp20AEPFH4b9TirdWwPQRhaZ0hQajn6iKhWRTs6oprgz26FN=s600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTnw2Ln8qGWCdDquZQBt7L5TskNaUuhREsbnxp6kMGBX0yi-WMKCnDUPyDLNrnF-xcZjKpJv0WQNvGz2XrPriKDhk0tOB6gO5sa9C3EDSDih_vO_OrFXmbAVkuqApvVr8H_Xjib0GkOp20AEPFH4b9TirdWwPQRhaZ0hQajn6iKhWRTs6oprgz26FN=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><b style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>[Graphic content source: <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2511439/Denver-teen-Lachlan-Connors-musical-genius-suffering-concussion.html">Mail Online</a>]</b></div></b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Connors' doctor also believes that the head trauma may have contributed to his new talents.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">"It's just a theory: it would be about a talent which remained latent in his brain and which was recovered somehow after the accident" explains Dr. Spyridon Papadopoulos to CBS. " It is clear that something happened in his brain, that his brain had to recover from the accident and then a change occurred, and this change revealed in him a capacity that was ignored by all."</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCzgMwFA3DIcHri9TZdIIWqth6h8nql9lsCVMCJivvXf0DZZsGWjs2nclUoZcA_Y2QlIhB-zA7ZncarsHXHTm2CkZL1ncewMnk08usisd9YM0DprWIAVyM5-JYyF7dhxlUUqAjsFRGDPwF-BfCqq-Am9Yt_cgObBBQUoywN-ldD_YnsMZiS-fnnHCf=s600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="600" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCzgMwFA3DIcHri9TZdIIWqth6h8nql9lsCVMCJivvXf0DZZsGWjs2nclUoZcA_Y2QlIhB-zA7ZncarsHXHTm2CkZL1ncewMnk08usisd9YM0DprWIAVyM5-JYyF7dhxlUUqAjsFRGDPwF-BfCqq-Am9Yt_cgObBBQUoywN-ldD_YnsMZiS-fnnHCf=w400-h239" width="400" /></a></div><b style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>[Graphic content source: <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2511439/Denver-teen-Lachlan-Connors-musical-genius-suffering-concussion.html">Mail Online</a>]</b></div></b><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Connors is not the first to experience such upheaval. In June 2012, a man called Derek Amato, also from Denvers, told Today magazine he believed he had become gifted in music after suffering a severe head injury.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">While Amato was not particularly a musician before his accident, he is now a professional piano player.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">At the time, Dr Andrew Reeves of Mayo Clinic reported that Amato had "acquired Scientist Syndrome" which is "quite rare". According to The Atlantic, a person with Savant Syndrome is "someone who has extraordinary talent but was not born with it and has not learned that talent elsewhere afterwards."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Bbe8c5LNwmY" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></div><p></p>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-86934110716299936682021-12-08T17:52:00.003+06:002022-01-30T02:17:31.381+06:00The Sistine Madonna | A Truly Rare And Extraordinary Work<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Sistine Madonna</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">What to say about the mother? His simple face does not have the usual sentimentality (in Raphael's Madonnas). She does not hold her head hugging, the baby's forehead barely rests against her cheek; she has large and frank black eyes, but which for the moment do not look at anyone. On her arms, or rather between her two hands, she has placed her boy, at ease as in an armchair, she presents him of course, but her large beige veil draws a kind of flexible shell that could contain her bust and everything. the baby. But that does not lock them up: the kid has his whole shoulder and his shaggy head out of all confinement. It goes without saying, basically, if it is a revelation.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGN-V9EQT0ISE6eF8FksKuK63jpXaeOlPZtWA0ttA3OaRSZU4EupF4b6DDP1_RRoAR3hs5pWobHRimmmNLgRHav_Mu8qN_3yB48sgmwnKeTKLxA4_u0bQGi_98j7y4nn7JidHE1T45zs/s550/The-Sistine-Madonna-A-Truly-Rare-And-Extraordinary-Work_img1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGN-V9EQT0ISE6eF8FksKuK63jpXaeOlPZtWA0ttA3OaRSZU4EupF4b6DDP1_RRoAR3hs5pWobHRimmmNLgRHav_Mu8qN_3yB48sgmwnKeTKLxA4_u0bQGi_98j7y4nn7JidHE1T45zs/w291-h400/The-Sistine-Madonna-A-Truly-Rare-And-Extraordinary-Work_img1.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[Grapic content source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Madonna">Wikipedia</a>]</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Jesus' little bare foot seems to indicate a direction to follow: and our gaze can descend along this beautiful blue mantle, of which four large parallel folds outline the movement of fall or descent, but at the bottom of the mantle, a wind rolls up its edge, another or the same inflates his left side in the same direction as he inflated the beige veil. Life is in the folds, it's a certainty when you study old painting. Bustle in smaller, messy folds, though pushed in the same direction, at the bottom of the red dress, obviously made of a fabric lighter than the cloak.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">And so, the feet! Only know of another large Madonna appearing barefoot. It is that which Caravaggio will give, a century later, for the church of Saint Augustine in Rome, and which is called the Madonna of the Pilgrims. To this couple of two poor old people, kneeling and showing us the soles of their feet, all black from the path they have traveled, a tall, robust Roman appears at the decrepit threshold of her house, carrying a tall little boy. She too, poor and not proud, came on the walk barefoot. In addition, she is wearing on pointe and crossing her feet, obviously she is dancing. Oh! very little, she sketches a dance, like that of Raphael sketches a step towards us.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Sistine Madonna, however, remains on her base of clouds, which tightens a little and swells like cotton wool under its immaterial weight, but which occupies the whole picture beyond the curtains, indicating the other world where she now resides. We are up to the two small-winged kids, we look up, she shows herself, she says nothing, does not make promises or threats like at La Salette or Fatima! The cult of the Virgin had not yet reached these heights of stupidity. To us, more or less incredulous of astronautical times, at least it reveals the immensity of a genius of half a millennium ago, and undoubtedly also the pinnacle of the history of the Madonnas, of these inexhaustible representations of a woman of whom nothing is known, at least not what she looked like, and whose painters and sculptors have gradually formed the portrait of the absolute woman.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkw6VpRtdLvZOrOauc2Wr4n5FQvFAXKT866GnxhweN6VGCzyxFFg7UiM9bc5SvOhZSLPu-vFCIf-WUAu9-wKuuZskmMFkIQ9TAmFx6rNS6tBgHgT90qrmAvgTrD_O46hi0RKJur9WZD_A/s500/The-Sistine-Madonna-A-Truly-Rare-And-Extraordinary-Work_img2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="500" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkw6VpRtdLvZOrOauc2Wr4n5FQvFAXKT866GnxhweN6VGCzyxFFg7UiM9bc5SvOhZSLPu-vFCIf-WUAu9-wKuuZskmMFkIQ9TAmFx6rNS6tBgHgT90qrmAvgTrD_O46hi0RKJur9WZD_A/w400-h326/The-Sistine-Madonna-A-Truly-Rare-And-Extraordinary-Work_img2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>[Graphic content source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Madonna">Wikipedia</a>]</b></div></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The looks of the Sistine Madonna</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">In the Sistine Madonna there are six gazes. To our right, Sainte Barbe or Barbara, indifferent to the apparition of the Madonna, posing on her knees in a garment of six magnificent colors and her pretty head artistically combed, totally lowering her eyelids: she is looking at the two additional cherubs at the bottom of the table .</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">These, the age of baby Jesus, blond and tousled like him, look up from the parapet where they've been relegated, finger to mouth, to the apparition up there.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">On our left, the Saint Sixtus, noble old man with the superb golden cape, raises his profile towards the double face of the apparition. At the same time he directs an index, not stretched, not imperative, towards the place of the spectator, towards us. Some say that it is to make the connection, as befits a pope, intermediary between us and the divinity. But if we take into account all her pose, it seems to us rather to suggest to the Blessed Virgin and her divine child to take into account us, to lower her gaze towards us.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Because she, and her child too, their full-on faces, looking at who knows what, but especially not at us. All that was needed was a minimal deviation of their eyes. She and her baby-god, what are they doing, what are they dreaming of, for whom do they appear on the carpet of clouds?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">There is a curtain raising. Although all the characters are "in heaven" on thick wadding, the Madonna surely appears for them, not only for us, on the march, and her vaporous but firm ground may seem in continuity with that of the two saints, she is a little behind the double green curtain which has just opened. The right side of the bearded noble pope is quite clearly in front of the green cloth, while the said pope has placed his tiara near him, several meters from the feet of the Madonna. Yet the left side of his cape touches it!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">The astonishing spatial uncertainty, true and deliberate cheating with depth, committed by a great master of perspective, is a brilliant find to relocate the appearance. The place of the divine couple, the place where the Virgin comes from, it is only indicated by something very well known to painters: a cloud, there at the bottom, a mist of a light blue which dissolves into white, and of which the flakes are made up of a thousand heads of baby angels, without a body.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">More often than not, we gave them volume and color, rather unnecessary illusion effect, because we do not have to make us believe that these heads, often flanked by tiny wings, actually exist.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Raphael was entertained enough to place two downstairs, not at all cloudy, behind a thin parapet that hides them below the bust but suggests that they have a full body. They use their elbows, their finger, they choose where to direct their eyes, they are not substitutes for flakes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">There is of course something to intrigue them, especially since they do not know where they are any more than we do. Apparently on the same plane as the pope's tiara, and behind them the cloud is a little darker than elsewhere.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT2pBNec6pEoz-OpCp6B0dxjN5mzSGRBv6p9y-m0KoDbbw4InGx5x_IKm_uMdvA4Xc7RXV3XmGAxCenCRRvndiJ3JhzHy8lYvl6Zf3Y5JKLFz02ILxoE6uuaUTM-uWUXXprE6t0Wb_VYA/s454/The-Sistine-Madonna-A-Truly-Rare-And-Extraordinary-Work_img3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="454" data-original-width="454" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT2pBNec6pEoz-OpCp6B0dxjN5mzSGRBv6p9y-m0KoDbbw4InGx5x_IKm_uMdvA4Xc7RXV3XmGAxCenCRRvndiJ3JhzHy8lYvl6Zf3Y5JKLFz02ILxoE6uuaUTM-uWUXXprE6t0Wb_VYA/w400-h400/The-Sistine-Madonna-A-Truly-Rare-And-Extraordinary-Work_img3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>[Graphic content source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Madonna">Wikipedia</a>]</b></div></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Secret of the Mystery</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Is the spatial uncertainty that mentioned new? After Raphael in any case, the mannerists - and particularly El Greco - will float the characters in weightlessness in a non-place. But in our painting, it is an innovation: the characters are not distorted in the mannerist way, we believe we are in full reality. However, without our being aware of it, the depth is rigged, the planes overlap, the very distinct clouds nonetheless blend into each other, with illusory recoil effects. There is the secret of the apparition there, much more than in the drawn curtains. Like the pilgrims of Caravaggio, we see her with her child, very clear, real, coming to us. But she does not advance. The terrestrial place is not represented: the two cherubs below lean on the frame of the painted picture, they are not like us on the ground. It is like a piece of "sky" which is revealed to us, but without any of these little things which indicate, in all kinds of sacred works, as a sign would do "this is divine": god the father in an ether golden, halos, diving or torchbearers angels, red cherubs etc.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Thus this Raphael always so well drawing, wise, conform, whose even beautiful Madonnas are without mystery, simply pretty young women with a large naked baby, this Raphaël surpassed himself, transcended in a painting which, by himself, without illustrating one of the "mysteries" of religion such as creation, redemption, annunciation etc., is constituted in Mystery.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="294" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zzs_QPuhq80" width="495" youtube-src-id="zzs_QPuhq80"></iframe></div><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-45785036591980709382021-01-31T13:06:00.017+06:002022-01-30T02:17:51.378+06:00The Eternal Flame Falls in New York | Burning Continuously in a Cave<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;">The Eternal Flame of Chestnut Ridge
Park: an unexplained origin?</span></h2><div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;"><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">An eternal flame<span style="font-weight: normal;"> is a flame burning continuously over an indefinite period
of time. Eternal flames can be man-made, so they serve commemorative or
religious purposes. But a number of eternal flames are also naturally
occurring, some of them burning for centuries or even thousands of years
without a break.</span></span></blockquote></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzovSYPuSNTw9kuNBIVaiAjVsS73E6V2XfPxFmr_dMWYSwYQKEaQ9-zHb0n-284b-zLBNzj2D0KoZERHRTT8Yrj0VUbr0CVeZKBTrvXBmie2njSB3yIgO9_t3SPK3E5D1Pa2ld22NtDCg/s2048/Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Eternal Flame Falls" border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzovSYPuSNTw9kuNBIVaiAjVsS73E6V2XfPxFmr_dMWYSwYQKEaQ9-zHb0n-284b-zLBNzj2D0KoZERHRTT8Yrj0VUbr0CVeZKBTrvXBmie2njSB3yIgO9_t3SPK3E5D1Pa2ld22NtDCg/w640-h426/Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg" title="The Eternal Flame Falls" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from </span><a class="zSA7pe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjn8eq98KTzAhWhpekKHUkOA3YQ7o4GegQIABAM" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eternal_flame_falls_7252.jpg" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a><span> which is licensed under </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 3.0</a><span>]</span></b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;"><div>The ancient artificial eternal flames burned with the continual addition of
wood or olive oil. This was for example the case in certain Pythian temples of
ancient Greece or in certain Pharaonic open tombs.</div></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As for the modern eternal flames, present in many cities around the world,
they are generally powered automatically by propane or natural gas supplies.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">There are also many natural eternal flames, some of which have long defied
scientists.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">These natural flames are generally fueled by natural sources of gas,
peatland fires or coal seam fires. The flame can be initially ignited by
lightning due to thunderstorms, by a piezoelectric effect or by humans.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGPxf9tsWEGjY6YORVK8ctA-sZ1HUqDDIzBdRUVfwFF384Q-luKqT9pc_rfLkliU2BTiigV2r8LFxHuVC1J4kgfhPQGYTeo24mq6eUE90gKOVs-qFF8BLiYB5xsyFfp7RNjr0vlJ7J0X8/s1024/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3478.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Eternal Flame Falls" border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGPxf9tsWEGjY6YORVK8ctA-sZ1HUqDDIzBdRUVfwFF384Q-luKqT9pc_rfLkliU2BTiigV2r8LFxHuVC1J4kgfhPQGYTeo24mq6eUE90gKOVs-qFF8BLiYB5xsyFfp7RNjr0vlJ7J0X8/w640-h426/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3478.jpg" title="The Eternal Flame Falls" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span><br /></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from </span><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kim_carpenter_nj/14840779739" target="_blank">Flickr</a></span><span> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0</a>]</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Fall of the Eternal Flame of Chestnut Ridge Park: a natural Eternal Flame of unexplained origin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A notorious example of a natural Eternal Flame is that of Chestnut Ridge
Park in New York, in a place known as "Eternal Flame Falls".</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It is a small cave located behind a waterfall from which escapes a
combination of natural gases that can be ignited to produce a small continuous
flame. Although testimonies trace the first ignition back several hundred
years, the flame has been extinguished and re-ignited a number of times.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In 2013, geologists from Bloomington University (Indiana) and the Italian
National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology studied the site in detail to
measure the contribution of this hydrocarbon leak to the local greenhouse
effect.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Measurements revealed higher concentrations of ethane and propane (around
35%) than at any other known natural site, which usually contains a high
proportion of methane. They estimated that the gas leak emits approximately 1
kg of methane per day.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtJI-UNiQU1au4bXPJmm1W86YYKIEwmh2Dlb3QfvCwZ31x2X5qeewGNmAqy-lYuhXLMS-TJbPpE4sew9ZpN1MEuMJDnAWwTFNhPmdbmAx7laItTB8xPJEGZVk-nu6OrF91aVNWvXUC2L8/s1024/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3460.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Eternal Flame Falls" border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtJI-UNiQU1au4bXPJmm1W86YYKIEwmh2Dlb3QfvCwZ31x2X5qeewGNmAqy-lYuhXLMS-TJbPpE4sew9ZpN1MEuMJDnAWwTFNhPmdbmAx7laItTB8xPJEGZVk-nu6OrF91aVNWvXUC2L8/w640-h426/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3460.jpg" title="The Eternal Flame Falls" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from </span><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kim_carpenter_nj/15024457281" target="_blank">Flickr</a></span><span> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0</a>]</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In addition to the main leak, the researchers identified several other
micro-leaks; by comparing the gases emitted by these with those from other
nearby sources, they determined that the gases came from the Rhinestreet Shale,
a shale structure located 400m deep. Tectonic activity has certainly fractured
the shale, allowing gases to escape to the surface.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Usually, however, shale must reach a temperature of around 100 ° C for its
carbon structure to fracture and allow gas molecules to fragment. However, the Chestnut
Ridge shale is cooler and younger than the shale formations that typically
originate this shale gas. This suggests the additional action of a still
unknown mechanism, which would allow the fracturing of the shale at low
temperatures. The researchers hypothesized a dual interface catalytic
mechanism.</span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Natural eternal flames across the world</span></span></h3><div><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnY8iE1INVSiI5wVMbZ281Rdd-E-5dLyiY_-hx54gCWBB3GnytbYk6N6RPk0X6Fa4Ze0LWaHQhJnqCoycup_XgndtkQzWagZfHHmF1pvwohyphenhyphendVPMBRdAT8rdMVlPi6PBk8XRJvcx6NXtQ/s1024/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3414.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Eternal Flame Falls" border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="680" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnY8iE1INVSiI5wVMbZ281Rdd-E-5dLyiY_-hx54gCWBB3GnytbYk6N6RPk0X6Fa4Ze0LWaHQhJnqCoycup_XgndtkQzWagZfHHmF1pvwohyphenhyphendVPMBRdAT8rdMVlPi6PBk8XRJvcx6NXtQ/w426-h640/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3414.jpg" title="The Eternal Flame Falls" width="426" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from </span><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kim_carpenter_nj/14840852990" target="_blank">Flickr</a></span><span> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0</a>]</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Apart from Eternal Flame Falls, geologists have reported several other
sites around the world where natural Eternal Flames can be seen.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Near the village of Darweze, Turkmenistan is the gas crater of Darvaza.
This is a collapsed natural gas field that geologists ignited in 1971 to
prevent toxic methane leaks. This site, known locally as the "Gateway to
Hell" has been burning continuously since 1971.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Near the city of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, a natural fire has been
burning continuously from a release of natural gas since 1950, when it was
accidentally lit by a shepherd.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Called Yanar Dag, this site, which is part of a mud volcano, is the source
of flames of up to three meters, released by tiny cracks in the sandstone layer
of the rock structure.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The cause of this permanent fire is an oil leak from porous strata located
at depth.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Yanartas site in Turkey is the site of several eternal flames. These
escape from the mountain slopes within an area of 5000 m².</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid360TQHJyRcWV-to0mSG2dNBA4NTIfj0ep_QOYh3J9yYk3OO59CVQ3wamtlwSnxAVPR6uvAaFx25HXMn79rZryBk2BaLIXJBxWrGEm9pqAizrIhsCJIJLxlP4CDOClj_-UW-2I9VbsRE/s1024/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3923.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Eternal Flame Falls" border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="680" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid360TQHJyRcWV-to0mSG2dNBA4NTIfj0ep_QOYh3J9yYk3OO59CVQ3wamtlwSnxAVPR6uvAaFx25HXMn79rZryBk2BaLIXJBxWrGEm9pqAizrIhsCJIJLxlP4CDOClj_-UW-2I9VbsRE/w426-h640/Eternal+Flame+Falls+3923.jpg" title="The Eternal Flame Falls" width="426" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span>[This picture is collected from </span><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kim_carpenter_nj/14882597368" target="_blank">Flickr</a></span><span> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0</a>]</span></span></b></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Natural leaks of methane (87%), hydrogen (7-11%), nitrogen (2-4%), alkanes
(0.5%), carbon dioxide (0.01-0.07%) and helium (80 ppmv) are at the origin of
these flames which have been burning for 2,500 years; this is the largest
release of a biogenic methane on land. The intensity of the flames changes with
the seasons because the gas emissions are modulated by atmospheric pressure.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Beyond the natural eternal flames fueled by gas, there are also such
phenomena fueled by seams of coal. The best-known example is the "Burning
Mountain", a hill near the town of Wingen in Australia. The flames are fed
by a permanent underground fire, located 30m deep, from the natural ignition of
a network of coal seams. Data acquired by scientists suggests that this fire
has been burning for at least 6,000 years.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="291" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qjbwYje6vYY" width="474" youtube-src-id="qjbwYje6vYY"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0Dhaka, Bangladesh23.810332 90.4125181-4.4999018361788465 55.2562681 52.120565836178841 125.5687681tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-24796005779783222922021-01-23T00:18:00.011+06:002022-01-30T02:18:04.175+06:00Strange Dancing Epidemic in 1518 | A deadly "Flashmob" in the Middle Ages<h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">STRANGE DANCING EPIDEMICS</span></span></b></div></h2><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">It is the story of a
deadly “flashmob” in the Middle Ages which continues to intrigue specialists.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Strasbourg, summer 1518.
In the narrow streets of the city and in the squares, dozens of people dance
frantically to the rhythm of tambourines, violas and bagpipes. But the
atmosphere is not festive. The scenes are even "terrifying", writes
the historian of medicine John Waller in <b>The Dancing Plague</b> (Sourcebooks
editions), a reference work on the subject, published in 2009.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1aCs1aTDp7pilSoB4ZhZQATfjX3ir-ajkLskwxFeGq483g5NMaPZPoo95sJL0o7I26_tCf6WN6jc63NGZGkMqDvoxULnYi2RPNfseqZKkf0vaCZIGxcQEUATdVtawuhaKzDuyUWlj_Bs/s599/470px-Die_Wallfahrt_der_Fallsuechtigen_nach_Meulebeeck.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Strange Dancing Epidemic" border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="470" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1aCs1aTDp7pilSoB4ZhZQATfjX3ir-ajkLskwxFeGq483g5NMaPZPoo95sJL0o7I26_tCf6WN6jc63NGZGkMqDvoxULnYi2RPNfseqZKkf0vaCZIGxcQEUATdVtawuhaKzDuyUWlj_Bs/w502-h640/470px-Die_Wallfahrt_der_Fallsuechtigen_nach_Meulebeeck.jpg" title="Strange Dancing Epidemic" width="502" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Die_Wallfahrt_der_Fallsuechtigen_nach_Meulebeeck.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Common</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC 1.0</a>]</span></div><div><br /></div></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Women, men and children
with this strange “dancing mania” cry out, begging for help, but cannot stop.
They are in a trance. The symptoms are shown as “vague eyes; face turned to the
sky; their arms and legs moving with spasmodic and tired movements; their
shirts, skirts and stockings, soaked in sweat, stuck to their emaciated bodies,
”describes John Waller. In a few days, the cases multiply as a virus spreads,
sowing fear and death in the Alsatian city. Up to fifteen dancers died every
day, according to a witness at the time, victims of dehydration or
cardiovascular accidents.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">It was a woman, Frau
Toffea, who opened the ball for this dancing death on July 14. Epidemiologists
would call her "patient zero", the first individual infected during
an epidemic. The fate of this woman was traced by Paracelsus (1493-1541), a
Swiss physician and alchemist, known as one of the founders of toxicology. Fascinated
by this collective episode, he came to the scene in 1526 to investigate.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCW95QAOGX7pNorBI5InbP5YgiHEHzf3clG1g-C9BrcFeCRcYxPnrB-E3oie1htJiXB5-PLPe92X9O7gbHsliWA5sDhHqiiTIni5FxZmnsTBOlobl-HF1sa2VDK-zEuM8S9npbWqiEqNk/s1024/xrA0NwV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Strange Dancing Epidemic" border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1024" height="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCW95QAOGX7pNorBI5InbP5YgiHEHzf3clG1g-C9BrcFeCRcYxPnrB-E3oie1htJiXB5-PLPe92X9O7gbHsliWA5sDhHqiiTIni5FxZmnsTBOlobl-HF1sa2VDK-zEuM8S9npbWqiEqNk/w640-h616/xrA0NwV.jpg" title="Strange Dancing Epidemic" width="640" /></a></b></div><span style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/the-dancing-plague-of-1518" target="_blank">Public Domain Review</a> By </span><a href="https://publicdomainreview.org/contributors#ned-pennant-rea" style="text-align: left;">Ned Pennant-Rea</a>]</span></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>UP TO 400 DANCERS</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">This July 14, 1518,
therefore, Frau Toffea begins to jiggle, alone, in the streets. Despite her
husband's pleas, fatigue, and bloody feet, she continued for six days and
nights, just interspersed with a few naps. In the meantime, other people have
joined in the dance. As of July 25, 50 individuals are infected, they will be
in total more than 400. The verdict of the doctors is in the direct line of the
humoral theories of the time: the disease is due to a "too hot
blood". The city council then decides to cure evil with evil. Space is
left for the dancers and dozens of professional musicians are hired to
accompany them, night and day.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Serious public health
mistake! By showing off the dancers in this way, the authorities are only
promoting contagion. Faced with failure, the council turned around at the end
of July: the platforms were dismantled, the orchestras banned. But the
phenomenon will not end until a few weeks later, when the dancers will be
escorted to Saverne, one day from Strasbourg, to attend a ceremony in honor of
Saint Guy, protector of patients with chorea (abnormal movements).</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPcQVDHoT2tqCJafqiu5IzfrIflj4jxJwvy3VWZxcRkukTp2WR9zP2xuW54z7L5To8be-Ei6CGvkAixUq_4FmfRa0hNOvsh7EaL9bx_zW2YsZMUZ1UrJVvpeOiG_nFvHqdXwqxap8F2NQ/s890/3193.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Strange Dancing Epidemic" border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="890" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPcQVDHoT2tqCJafqiu5IzfrIflj4jxJwvy3VWZxcRkukTp2WR9zP2xuW54z7L5To8be-Ei6CGvkAixUq_4FmfRa0hNOvsh7EaL9bx_zW2YsZMUZ1UrJVvpeOiG_nFvHqdXwqxap8F2NQ/w640-h474/3193.webp" title="Strange Dancing Epidemic" width="640" /></a></b></div><span style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/jul/05/bizarre-dance-epidemic-of-summer-1518-strasbourg" target="_blank">The Guardian</a> By </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160932708000379#!" target="_blank">John Waller</a>]</span></div></span><b><span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">ERGOTISM OR COLLECTIVE HYSTERIA?</span></span></b></div></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">After almost five
hundred years, this episode continues to intrigue specialists. Because it is
not a legend. The dancing mania in Strasbourg, which is neither the first nor
the last dance epidemic, is one of the best documented. It is even the only one
to have been able to be reconstituted so precisely, underlines John Waller,
probably because it arrived after the invention of the printing press, in a
city having formalized a bureaucracy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">In total, about twenty
comparable episodes were reported between 1200 and 1600. The last would have
occurred in Madagascar, in 1863. A variant, tarantism, has also been described
in Italy: the disease occurred after a hypothetical bite of the spider Lycosa tarentula,
and dancing (tarantella) was an integral part of the treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Over the centuries,
several scenarios have been put forward to explain the Strasbourg epidemic:
ergotism (poisoning by rye contaminated with a mycotoxin), heretical cult,
demonic possession, or even collective hysteria. For John Waller, context
played a major role. Trance phenomena, he writes, are more likely to occur in
individuals who are psychologically vulnerable, and who believe in divine
retribution. However, these two conditions were met in Strasbourg. The city had
been struck by an unusual succession of epidemics and famines; and its
inhabitants believed in Saint Guy, able as much to inflict as to cure diseases,
by dancing in particular.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGLL6BgNXvPj1GnXiGfKDB136mMRMOVGOWHz2oXJPLYQU-4xuOGE-jngZh8XQZ9qcKy_CgQXIJxy_RgEoWcBaM8XjzWRrxy66O4RXAL7KVSy9ZNFXYe3Bsd7oQPS2lVNhqStdHNR4QXU/s387/1-s2.0-S0160932708000379-gr3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Strange Dancing Epidemic" border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="387" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGLL6BgNXvPj1GnXiGfKDB136mMRMOVGOWHz2oXJPLYQU-4xuOGE-jngZh8XQZ9qcKy_CgQXIJxy_RgEoWcBaM8XjzWRrxy66O4RXAL7KVSy9ZNFXYe3Bsd7oQPS2lVNhqStdHNR4QXU/w640-h412/1-s2.0-S0160932708000379-gr3.jpg" title="Strange Dancing Epidemic" width="640" /></a></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/jul/05/bizarre-dance-epidemic-of-summer-1518-strasbourg" target="_blank">The Guardian</a><span> By </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160932708000379#!" target="_blank">John Waller</a><span>]</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"></span><b><span>THE ANCESTOR OF RAVE-PARTIES?<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Could a dance epidemic
break out in the 21st century? Unlikely, according to Bruno Falissard. Today's
conversions are rather gastroenterological or rheumatological manifestations,
“reasonably” compatible with the data of science. This does not prevent the
emergence of collective forms. For example, it is questionable whether the
epidemic of minor forms of gluten intolerance observed in many countries is not
actually a collective conversive manifestation. "<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Some dare to draw a
parallel between these dancing manias and the monster rave parties of today
during which the dancers can sway in a trance, at the risk of falling from
exhaustion. But there are some fundamental differences: the use of recreational
drugs is a big part of clubbers' trance. And the latter is probably more
euphoric than the terrified choreomaniacs of the Middle Ages.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="318" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oEM_GNIAWxg" width="487" youtube-src-id="oEM_GNIAWxg"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0Dhaka, Bangladesh23.810332 90.4125181-4.4999018361788465 55.2562681 52.120565836178841 125.5687681tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-10352382115885103322021-01-17T23:48:00.009+06:002022-01-30T02:28:48.805+06:00Baghdad's So-called Battery | An Electric Battery Two Thousand Years Ago<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;">Unlike many sites where
we can read that the electric <b>battery</b> was invented 2000 years ago and that this
battery was used for gilding metal objects, we say here that:</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><ol><li><span style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">The hypothesis of the
invention of the battery is very unlikely both scientifically and historically,
even if we can always imagine that we add elements to an object to make an
electric battery.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">The gilding of metallic
objects by electrolysis would suppose that we had, in Antiquity, gold salts in
solution, which is even less likely.</span></li></ol><div style="text-indent: -24px;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-indent: -24px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnDXwu8Voq9IOiJ-uA0AJQvq7vjhtsx2um1qeffv8DXfVComiOzq3r57-9MY5h9CAw7z9IjPS8JJs2sKSz9TWpWhT-nloxOZY0-0VmF6hs6QNfx1LE8xFtSelvGfzTO18mdAdM0n11Qt0/s573/bagdhad_battery_573_436_80.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="573" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnDXwu8Voq9IOiJ-uA0AJQvq7vjhtsx2um1qeffv8DXfVComiOzq3r57-9MY5h9CAw7z9IjPS8JJs2sKSz9TWpWhT-nloxOZY0-0VmF6hs6QNfx1LE8xFtSelvGfzTO18mdAdM0n11Qt0/w640-h486/bagdhad_battery_573_436_80.jpg" title="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" width="640" /></a></div><b style="text-indent: 0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Is-The-Babylon-Battery-The-Worlds-First-Electrochemical-Battery" target="_blank">GTM</a> By <span class="article-author">Eric Wesoff]</span></span></b></div></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">A MYSTERIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In 1936, archaeological
excavations of a necropolis to the south-east of <b>Baghdad</b> brought to light,
among several hundred objects, glassware, earthen figures, engraved tablets,
etc. a curious collection that can be dated from the Parthian period, between
the first century before and the first century after Jesus-Christ. Inside a
terracotta vase about fifteen centimeters high, the neck of which, chipped,
bore traces of bitumen, were<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">a copper tube whose bottom was covered with a thin
layer of asphalt<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">the rest, very rusty, of an iron rod<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">This set, after passing
through various intermediaries, arrives at the Austrian archaeologist Wilhelm
Koenig, then director of the Baghdad museum. He emits the idea that once
brought together, these elements constitute an electric battery, of which he reconstructs
the diagram: to complete it, he wrote in 1938, it suffices to pour a saline or
acid solution into the copper tube.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Indeed, two metals of
different nature immersed in an electrolyte, such is the principle of the
battery, invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Koenig supports his
hypothesis of an electric battery by the observation, without a priori
relation, of a rudimentary technique of electroplating, used in the 1930s by
the silversmiths of Baghdad to gild jewelry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">These silversmiths used
the device shown in the battery. This is a battery, short-circuited, inside
which the desired chemical reaction occurs. During this reaction, metallic gold
from the solution of a gold salt is deposited on the object to be gilded D. The
process could well, suggests Koenig, have a much older origin. But this device
has little to do with the mysterious vase. The only link, not explained by
Koenig, is that it would provide a second testimony to a mastery of electricity
by the Parthians.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The process also
supposes the use of gold salts in solution, which in Antiquity is extremely
hypothetical. Gold does not oxidize and is only found in nature in the metallic
("native") state in gold nuggets or, in traces, in a few rare ores.
Before medieval alchemy, we do not know of a method allowing to
"dissolve" gold - that is to say to make it pass to the state of
soluble "salt", by a chemical reaction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Let's go back to the
mysterious object from 2000 years ago. Not long before, several similar objects
had been unearthed in another excavation in Mesopotamia. The copper cylinders
inside the pottery contained plant fibers suggesting to archaeologists the
remains of papyrus scrolls. But Koenig emits the idea that these pottery could
have been put in series, as batteries, in order to increase the electrical
voltage delivered. And he goes even further by highlighting the existence of
older bronze and copper vases which, according to him, could have been gilded
by electrolysis with these batteries in series.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It remains to be
specified which electrolytic gilding device would have been powered by such a
battery of batteries. All electrolytic devices for gilding, the first having
been developed around 1840, are based on the use - again very problematic in
Antiquity - of dissolved gold salts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In 1939 Willy Ley, an
American engineer and popularizer of science popularized Koenig's idea in a
science fiction review. The second world war occurs and the "piles of
Baghdad" remain in the shade for some time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeDso150lvE6ak6VQtwr8coCEIyYgCq3KfIVwg4yS9yOB-N2DJqIQEy5CA_G0TZgkxg6TLiS06fn4Oo4RAmixw4Su1ZdkxKrWkNGW0nDyxDWVd_hyphenhyphennSwDUfnOpABB7YZocfOnWsGvlrMc/s468/main-qimg-c476169e23a9dfe21b3bfd251de1a622.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" border="0" data-original-height="327" data-original-width="468" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeDso150lvE6ak6VQtwr8coCEIyYgCq3KfIVwg4yS9yOB-N2DJqIQEy5CA_G0TZgkxg6TLiS06fn4Oo4RAmixw4Su1ZdkxKrWkNGW0nDyxDWVd_hyphenhyphennSwDUfnOpABB7YZocfOnWsGvlrMc/w640-h448/main-qimg-c476169e23a9dfe21b3bfd251de1a622.jpg" title="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quora.com%2FI-ve-heard-all-about-ancient-primitive-batteries-but-what-could-would-they-have-been-used-for-why-and-where-I-m-fascinated&psig=AOvVaw0Fy2dStnC-ky3n31xH9FEn&ust=1633114662253000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjhxqFwoTCJDUuLSwp_MCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAQ" target="_blank">Quora</a> By <span class="CssComponent__CssInlineComponent-sc-1oskqb9-1 UserSelectableText___StyledCssInlineComponent-lsmoq4-0 kghFzc"><span class="CssComponent__CssInlineComponent-sc-1oskqb9-1 TitleText___StyledCssInlineComponent-sc-1hpb63h-0 jPnwvF"><a class="q-box qu-color--gray_dark qu-cursor--pointer qu-hover--textDecoration--underline Link___StyledBox-t2xg9c-0 roKEj" href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Spencer-McDaniel-11" style="border-radius: inherit; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">Spencer McDaniel</a></span></span><span class="article-author">]</span></span></b></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE "ELECTRIC" INTERPRETATION</span></b><b></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">After the war, an
American researcher of the company General Electric, Willard Gray, tries the
first reconstitution of the "battery of Baghdad" according to the
indications of Willy Ley and obtains a weak electric current. Willy Ley said he
was convinced "that at the time of Christ, we had galvanic batteries in
Baghdad". Other experimenters engage in reconstitution and show the
possibility of obtaining a weak electric current with different solutions
(grape juice, lemon juice etc.).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In 1978, the
archaeological object was presented in an exhibition on Iraq at the Roemer and
Pelizaeus Museum in Hildesheim, Germany, and the catalog bluntly explains that
the Parthians invented the battery long before Volta. A television report
increases the credibility of the matter by showing a technician in a white
coat, in front of the device.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Arne Eggebrecht,
director of the Museum, manages, by assembling a battery of these reconstituted
"batteries", to cover a metallic object with an extremely thin layer
of gold. But the experiment has not been published, and one wonders what type
of electrolysis allowed the gilding.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">This does not prevent
the "electric" interpretation from being very popular today, it is
only to surf the Internet to realize it. In 2005, MythBuster (literally
"myth breaker"), a Discovery Channel flagship show hosted by two
specialists in special effects, reproduced the experience of gilding in front
of viewers and deduced that the Baghdad stack hypothesis is "plausible".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">By an adventurous
association of ideas, the connection is sometimes made with a bas-relief of the
temple of Denderah in Upper Egypt, on which some do not hesitate to see a
foreshadowing of electric bulbs or discharge tubes. After Volta, it's now Edison
who has to worry about! The battery and electric lighting would therefore only
have been "re-invented" in the 19th century after several centuries
of obscurity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The affair brings into
play several springs of popular science, the mystery, the spectacular, the
discovery of hidden ancient knowledge, and a certain thirst for
"revenge" on official science.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQu74c2BBPY2b2xGj_n3aPfbkYT_iVKAHszXRQTnE605YXFWRikuVOXYBX9UnfFSfSei2mz9PFL1cl0hxWxyn03V_gkWHYd8BQsqVvdIjzlVyQuQJtyRVfREFDS9c80RU-ht7lrXU6G1E/s267/Baghdad_Battery_2101.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="267" height="453" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQu74c2BBPY2b2xGj_n3aPfbkYT_iVKAHszXRQTnE605YXFWRikuVOXYBX9UnfFSfSei2mz9PFL1cl0hxWxyn03V_gkWHYd8BQsqVvdIjzlVyQuQJtyRVfREFDS9c80RU-ht7lrXU6G1E/w640-h453/Baghdad_Battery_2101.jpg" title="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" width="640" /></a></div><b style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.messagetoeagle.com/was-prehistoric-baghdad-battery-a-unique-find-of-the-ancients-did-its-manufacturers-discover-electricity-by-accident/?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_I45H4feCopeXYAOohY6P.99FGor4lAVJoqtFmLayg8w-1633028980-0-gqNtZGzNA1CjcnBszQfl" target="_blank">Messagetoeagle</a></span><span><span class="article-author">]</span></span></span></b></div></b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">YES, BUT HERE IT IS...<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Several objections are
opposed to these interpretations. We have already mentioned some of them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Koenig suggested that
the method of the silversmiths of Baghdad in the twentieth century was the
continuation of ancient skill. But Gerhard Eggert recalls in 1995 that this
method was described in the English patent for electroplating filed in 1839. No
prior art is known to this process.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Archaeologists have also
shown that ancient jewelry could be plated using very fine gold leaf, this
delicate technique being well mastered by goldsmiths in the Middle East 2000 years
ago. Mercury gilding using an amalgam (a liquid gold-mercury alloy) was also
known at the time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As for the gilding
experiment which would have been carried out, but not published, by Arne
Eggebrecht, we do not know the details. We can only be surprised at the result
announced. Our experiments, in agreement with the theory of electrolysis, show
that one cannot obtain gilding by electrolysis without gold salt in solution.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Paul T. Keyser imagined
another electrical application for the mysterious vase, already mentioned by
Koenig: a medical use of the current produced, possibly in a religious context.
But the voltage delivered by a single "battery" is much lower than
the values to which the human organism is sensitive when applied to
the skin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Finally, as science
historian Allan Mills points out, the object itself seems to agree with
difficulty with the hypothesis of an electric battery. There is in fact the
absence of metal wires essential to conduct the electric current. If this
absence can be explained by a disappearance linked to the age of the objects,
the presence of such wires does not seem to have been foreseen: the bitumen
plug, which permanently closes the vase, prevents the exit of a conductive
wire. from the copper tube and makes frequent replacement of the electrolyte
inconvenient, the composition of which would be rapidly degraded by the
chemical reactions linked to the production of a current.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Generally speaking, the
possibility of an experiment does not prove that one sought to achieve it by
constructing the object. This interpretation is ultimately based only on a
resemblance in form to a modern object (the Volta stack), and not on the
knowledge we have of the way of life of the owners of the object in antiquity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In the 1930s,
archaeologists had already advanced, as we have seen, the hypothesis that the
vases discovered in Iraq would rather be receptacles intended for the transport
of small rolls of papyrus, perhaps formulas for prayer. Allan Mills proposed a
more prosaic hypothesis: the device could be intended to repair holes in skin
bags, very precious objects for life in the desert. The pointed iron rod,
heated over a fire, allows you to melt a little bitumen from the stopper and
apply it where the skin is pierced! A way to show that imagination can take the
most diverse directions. This interpretation, however absurd it may seem at
first glance, is however inspired by a concrete knowledge of the way of life of
nomadic populations in desert regions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFRRUbVnhyphenhyphenHfywV2fbzbvXtzPEMOeDq0yHQ8jWdzyb6MDF-ryCKTRhd-7xrLj_CIwlKA6H76fP7IOtMdTbW2OD69zTgZ_cQ0Qwtv7K-HyuWlD5xtr6mBatajmdCjF4IO9sHFnNNvYvoKU/s600/baghdad-battery.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" border="0" data-original-height="357" data-original-width="600" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFRRUbVnhyphenhyphenHfywV2fbzbvXtzPEMOeDq0yHQ8jWdzyb6MDF-ryCKTRhd-7xrLj_CIwlKA6H76fP7IOtMdTbW2OD69zTgZ_cQ0Qwtv7K-HyuWlD5xtr6mBatajmdCjF4IO9sHFnNNvYvoKU/w640-h380/baghdad-battery.jpg" title="Baghdad's Ancient Battery" width="640" /></a></div><b style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-technology/was-baghdad-battery-medical-device-001443" target="_blank">Ancient Origins</a> By </span></b><a about="/users/karlaakins" class="username" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/users/karlaakins" target="_blank" title="View user profile." xml:lang="">KarlaAkins</a><b><span><span class="article-author">]</span></span></b></span></div></b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">TO CONCLUDE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The presence in the
mysterious vase of two different metals remains unexplained. The point is that
by adding an electrolyte - and two metal wires - the device can produce a very
low current. However, it would be surprising if this technology remained so
confidential that it left no trace, led to no testimony from foreign travelers,
and finally that it disappeared for nearly two millennia. The battery
hypothesis, which poses, as we have seen, serious technical problems, even if
the experiment is possible, remains to this day historically, archaeologically,
and scientifically unlikely.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Regarding the possibility
of gilding objects using the "Baghdad pile", we can be more
affirmative: even if the pottery had been made into a pile it could not have
been used to practice gilding by electrolysis because the Gold salts in
solution were obtained only in the Middle Ages, by Arab alchemists.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="316" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/s60pBiK71o4" width="505" youtube-src-id="s60pBiK71o4"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p></div>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0Dhaka, Bangladesh23.810332 90.4125181-4.4999018361788465 55.2562681 52.120565836178841 125.5687681tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-50027799733360928622020-12-28T23:44:00.008+06:002022-01-30T02:18:28.069+06:00The Structure of Richat | An Astonishing Formation in the Heart of the Sahara<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><h2 style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b style="text-align: justify;">WHAT IS "THE EYE OF
AFRICA"?</b></div></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Visible only from the
sky or from space, the <b>structure of Richat</b> - called “<b>the eye of Africa</b>”, some
says “<b>the eye of Sahara</b>” also - is a huge geological structure located in the
Mauritanian desert.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">if you ever fly over the Sahara Desert in Mauritania, you will
certainly see an astonishing structure standing out from the landscape, like a
huge eye pointed towards the sky, "the eye of Africa". Better known
as the Richat structure or dome of Richat, this formation is located near the
city of Ouadane and is visible from the air, and even from space. No wonder
when you know that it is 50 kilometers wide.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><div class="view follow-view clear-float photo-attribution" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1633029756182_738"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="relationship"></span></span></div><div class="attribution-info"><div class="view follow-view clear-float photo-attribution" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1633029756182_738"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="relationship"></span></span></div></div></h2><p></p><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtr5Bc4bkVehoM00vEPvBJ3Nw-N6iR5ZDSAvcZ6fCONr8V4SYjSxhD8qtvGYOoDLhVHWbD_79LkrZGGrEy9RYYFBkEb1S0RMI8RUgv4JVjZDXHKeF0qc3nOsWNsEGYcx9PCxw2IIoSLfY/s1024/11897733534_d85e7356b2_b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Structure of Richat" border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtr5Bc4bkVehoM00vEPvBJ3Nw-N6iR5ZDSAvcZ6fCONr8V4SYjSxhD8qtvGYOoDLhVHWbD_79LkrZGGrEy9RYYFBkEb1S0RMI8RUgv4JVjZDXHKeF0qc3nOsWNsEGYcx9PCxw2IIoSLfY/w640-h426/11897733534_d85e7356b2_b.jpg" style="cursor: move;" title="The Structure of Richat" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[This picture is collected from<span> </span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/24354425@N03/11897733534" target="_blank">Flickr</a><span> </span>By <a class="owner-name truncate" data-track="attributionNameClick" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/24354425@N03/" title="Go to Stuart Rankin's photostream">Stuart Rankin</a> which is licensed under<span> </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 2.0</a>]</span></div></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Discovered for a long time, the structure of Richat was visited in
the 1950s by scientists before being revealed on a large scale by one of the
American Gemini space missions. At the time, astronauts were thus amazed at the
atypical characteristics of the structure. Superimposed circles of several tens
of kilometers in diameter forming a kind of giant ammonite.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Huge crater in the heart
of Mauritania, visible by satellite, this sublime "eye of Africa"
actually results from the erosion of a very old volcano.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A true work of natural art located in the Mauritanian Sahara, the
structure of Richat (from the word "feathers" in Mauritanian Arabic)
has long remained a mystery for geologists. But they now agree to think that it
would be a giant crater testifying to a volcano disappeared for a very long
time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Called "the eye of Africa", this dome 50 kilometers in
diameter was first spotted in the 1960s by an American space mission. Given its
size, this circular shape can indeed only be observed in full from space!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig2nVYvlHWHowp4XZOAmw9OwObkK48wqvT94-DyyLpJ3KY9vjzX6_-zd_aWbxXObscVZhwrbsjjW5JjCdYcIKuxpzO5S_D9s8tLf_B-S8Gv1dz9D_3FKXroRe0X7UFxzCOcLjh7_fCyw4/s1024/49896449902_818a085b4b_b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Structure of Richat" border="0" data-original-height="754" data-original-width="1024" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig2nVYvlHWHowp4XZOAmw9OwObkK48wqvT94-DyyLpJ3KY9vjzX6_-zd_aWbxXObscVZhwrbsjjW5JjCdYcIKuxpzO5S_D9s8tLf_B-S8Gv1dz9D_3FKXroRe0X7UFxzCOcLjh7_fCyw4/w640-h472/49896449902_818a085b4b_b.jpg" title="The Structure of Richat" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/24354425@N03/11897733534" target="_blank">Flickr</a> By <a class="owner-name truncate" data-track="attributionNameClick" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/rikyunreal/" title="Go to Riccardo Rossi's photostream">Riccardo Rossi</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 2.0</a>]</div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>A VERY DISTANT VOLCANIC
ORIGIN</b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It was initially
believed that it was the result of a large meteorite impact. But the discovery
of magmatic rocks found along the three concentric ledges has delivered another
explanation: "the eye of Africa" in fact hides the eroded remains
of a gigantic volcano active in the Cretaceous, there are 100 million. years.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">While it has attracted widespread attention, Richat's structure
has long intrigued researchers who questioned its origin. According to the
earliest interpretations and scientific hypotheses, it was a meteorite impact
that was the origin of the circular structure. Then by further studying the
structure, the specialists discarded this hypothesis to give birth to another.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It was no longer a meteorite impact, but a symmetrical uplift of
the circular anticline type, that is to say an episode of geological folding.
The famous scientist Theodore Monod studied this phenomenon with other friends
and published in 1973 hypotheses which came close to the latest explanations
accepted today.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Since the 2000s, scientists have established that the "Eye of
Africa" actually originated from an extremely rare form of giant
volcanism, dating back to the Cretaceous period, 100 million years ago. The
volcanic phenomenon would have created the dome following rising magma
accompanied by a large amount of hot water. The water then seeped through the
fractures in the earth and dissolved the layers of limestone to form a
veritable "piece of Gruyere".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyMuGYTPTGjN_d8uS8_kpnm36G8JRabODxb_vqNshUNvefN61rOXlA7PSi8ciJn0o2diXzujopHSX4Cp4d-tAT2WYLc4mv1FkQtnSRrtgxKt8NJQLiiIh2c3wAUpuCqWewMEMfX1gAaVc/s303/richat_structure.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Structure of Richat" border="0" data-original-height="166" data-original-width="303" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyMuGYTPTGjN_d8uS8_kpnm36G8JRabODxb_vqNshUNvefN61rOXlA7PSi8ciJn0o2diXzujopHSX4Cp4d-tAT2WYLc4mv1FkQtnSRrtgxKt8NJQLiiIh2c3wAUpuCqWewMEMfX1gAaVc/w640-h351/richat_structure.jpg" title="The Structure of Richat" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1252998" target="_blank">PxHere</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/" target="_blank">Public Domain</a>]</div></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>COLLAPSE</b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Over time, the sediment
was deformed by the thrust and the cavities grew larger and larger. After a
long and slow erosion, the dome completely collapsed and gave way to the
circular structure that we know today. Only the Paleozoic quartzites (-541 to
-252 million years) making up the layers of the structure have better resisted
erosion and form the concentric rings of the Richat dome.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The wide dissemination of images of this phenomenon by the media has
created a tourist and scientific influx to this remote place. A basic reception
facility has even been created on the site. Other similar structures exist on
Earth, but are less spectacular than the "Eye of Africa".</span></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="314" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PcB7Dr44HOk" width="528" youtube-src-id="PcB7Dr44HOk"></iframe></div><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-5506477633502406132020-08-29T01:33:00.005+06:002022-01-30T02:18:41.070+06:00Voynich Manuscript | The Most Mysterious of Books to be Edited<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A Spanish publishing house has won the right to edit facsimiles of the <b>Voynich manuscript</b>, the only book in the world that no one can read. A look back at a literary mystery dating back to the 15th century.</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">This is an event in the publishing world. The reproduction rights
to one of the most mysterious works in history - the Voynich manuscript - have
been acquired by Siloe, a Spanish publishing house specializing in ancient
books, reports the British daily <b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/1076986504363311838/550647763350240613"><span style="color: blue;">The Guardian</span></a></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">In 2017, it will publish
898 facsimiles, sold between 7,000 and 8,000 euros each, of this document which
is "one of the most requested to appear in exhibitions around the
world", underlines Juan José Garcia, one co-founders of Siloe at the Spanish
daily El Pais. The publishing house has already received 300 orders for these
clones of the Voynich manuscript.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaRyx2LvFHQNkXU5WX4dAlXVuToGd3AyXOsQnUPEffohakYa4Rv_jqpp9lpHT-8lAW27XB9zmWufEmI8AnShAkX11HpbAxtSIs-tZQlLnmYcxaxv_m6L6TmG-6Hyq-ggJIGuhEKY6bSlk/s600/507px-Voynich_Manuscript_-_folio_1r_d%25C3%25A9tail.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt="Voynich Manuscript" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="507" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaRyx2LvFHQNkXU5WX4dAlXVuToGd3AyXOsQnUPEffohakYa4Rv_jqpp9lpHT-8lAW27XB9zmWufEmI8AnShAkX11HpbAxtSIs-tZQlLnmYcxaxv_m6L6TmG-6Hyq-ggJIGuhEKY6bSlk/w540-h640/507px-Voynich_Manuscript_-_folio_1r_d%25C3%25A9tail.jpg" title="Voynich Manuscript" width="540" /></span></a></div><b style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voynich_Manuscript_-_folio_1r_d%C3%A9tail.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia</a> which is licensed under </b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 4.0</a><b>]</b></span></div></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">MORE MYSTERIOUS THAN THE DA
VINCI CODE</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">The original of this manuscript, written on vellum (stillborn
calfskin, thinner than ordinary parchment), has been treasured since the late
1960s at Yale University, United States, in a safe. This 214-page text owes its
name to the Lithuanian antiquarian Wilfrid Voynich, who discovered it in 1912
in Italy, and constitutes an enigma alongside which the "Da Vinci
Code" appears to be a Carambar riddle.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">It is, in fact, written in an unknown language or using code that
has so far never been deciphered despite the efforts of renowned cryptanalysts
from the scientific and military world. The identity of the author - or
perpetrators - also remains a mystery. We hardly know the date on which the
manuscript was written. A carbon dating, carried out in 2011, however, made it
possible to trace the origin of the text back to the beginning of the 15th
century.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">“The interest is not only
to know what there is written, but also why, by whom, and where the text was
written”, explains Antoine Casanova, doctor of science, specialist in
cryptology who has devoted his thesis to the Voynich manuscript in 1999.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jtR6bqXiGHv9vaSzI-9CfxeCek9YJwPQB-UcVoPxqqGxJNBmO7mN5hvyllaKu6s2R5g8P83zHdeX2B2_JG2UhvEnA2w1YLPNR17xB1u37c7HDvtDvV-IsWJ0OViTzk9OM70vITeVzBs/s1024/373067824_5f4dc375a1_b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt="Voynich Manuscript" border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1024" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jtR6bqXiGHv9vaSzI-9CfxeCek9YJwPQB-UcVoPxqqGxJNBmO7mN5hvyllaKu6s2R5g8P83zHdeX2B2_JG2UhvEnA2w1YLPNR17xB1u37c7HDvtDvV-IsWJ0OViTzk9OM70vITeVzBs/w640-h474/373067824_5f4dc375a1_b.jpg" title="Voynich Manuscript" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/uair01/373067824" target="_blank">Flickr</a> By <a class="owner-name truncate" data-track="attributionNameClick" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/uair01/" title="Go to P K's photostream">P K</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0</a>]</span></b></div></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span><p></p><h2 style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">FROM ALIENS TO LEONARDO DA
VINCI</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Such a catalog of mysteries has not failed to generate theories as
diverse as they are far-fetched. Over the years, this text has been likened to
a book of magic potions, a treatise on botany (each page is illustrated by a
plant), a textbook describing alien technology, or even just a joke. The
authorship of the manuscript has long been attributed to the British philosopher
and alchemist Roger Bacon. But this thesis is incompatible with the results of
carbon dating, since the famous scientist died at the end of the 13th century.
Others consider it to be a youthful work of Leonardo da Vinci, that there are
several authors or even that the Voynich manuscript is the work of a copyist
who did not understand the original document, which would make it all the more
complex to understand the text.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">The growing public interest in this enigmatic manuscript - which
can be found in a novel starring Indiana Jones or in the American television
series Alias </span><span face="Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"></span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">- and the advent of the Internet have prompted Yale University to
put reproductions on the market. High definition online in 2014 to deal with
requests for consultations. "For specialists in the matter, the
publication of the facsimiles will not add much, as the resources are already
widely available on the Internet, but if the editing is done well this can be a
good entry point for novices ”, considers Antoine Casanova.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">The Siloe publishing house has promised to be as faithful as
possible to the original document. She intends to reproduce down to the
smallest hole, seam or stain in the work. A specific process and paste have
been developed so that the final rendering of the paper provides the same
feeling to the touch as vellum. A true work of art of the edition which will
take eighteen months. The general public will then finally be able to hold in
their hands the clone of the only known book that cannot currently be read.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="299" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UZEHBkBlalc" width="505" youtube-src-id="UZEHBkBlalc"></iframe></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p><br /></p>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-82450991448517079062020-07-09T23:51:00.017+06:002022-01-30T02:18:50.441+06:00The Stone Spheres | Precolombian Spheres of Costa Rica <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;">PRECOLOMBIAN SPHERES OF COSTA RICA</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In the parks of San José, of government institutions there
are some carved <b>stone spheres</b> and even of the gardens of some houses in the
Central Valley. They were beautifying objects that came from the south of the
country. But their origin and function were and still are a head-scratcher.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYW6RsITLrkE3iJPj8LoYDSPEA8kTKMx5rovETOFksrm_NmVwLyyhtYdzaUX_vS8ARytn2WMFO16R6_PYNZBPXaiYj-cEabEvdkSD5VSID5CjMdpGdGwUffSP6BGqjbEsJEFftpqm8HB4/s2048/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYW6RsITLrkE3iJPj8LoYDSPEA8kTKMx5rovETOFksrm_NmVwLyyhtYdzaUX_vS8ARytn2WMFO16R6_PYNZBPXaiYj-cEabEvdkSD5VSID5CjMdpGdGwUffSP6BGqjbEsJEFftpqm8HB4/w640-h480/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg" title="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" width="640" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from<span> </span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>]</b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Costa Rica Stone Spheres refer to a collection of over 300
Costa Rica petrospheres, located on Cano Island. The stone spheres are called
Las Bolas in their locality and well known stone carvings from the
Isthmo-Colombia era. They are believed to have been built in lines leading up
to the Chiefs House, but their precise purpose remains unclear. The spherical
stones are part of the pre-Columbian chieftainship of the Diquis which have
been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD5Og6i03HoUDmBfda1I0BhYgnmkjlN5vrqZ1MU182hz6oQCVRb_79ku83tk61xnUtv6dzV7u2OW8Jq3SzRnt6lxoazU4VET_h7B_OjI-linNJZMOPiUvRfCMvMflky-N4LYWWJx6fcXk/s275/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD5Og6i03HoUDmBfda1I0BhYgnmkjlN5vrqZ1MU182hz6oQCVRb_79ku83tk61xnUtv6dzV7u2OW8Jq3SzRnt6lxoazU4VET_h7B_OjI-linNJZMOPiUvRfCMvMflky-N4LYWWJx6fcXk/w640-h426/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional_2.jpg" title="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diquis_Stone_Spheres_Museo_Nacional_CRI_01_2020_4081.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a> which is licensed under <span style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>]</span></b></span></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">THE DIQUIS SPHERES</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">We do not know precisely who built them or why, but they are
an example of the craftsmanship of the Indian peoples that existed before
Europeans arrived in America and who populated the territories between what is
now Costa Rica and Panama.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The history of the stone spheres begins in the 1940s. At the
time, part of the history of Costa Rica was written in close connection with
the development of banana farming by the American company “United Fruit
Compagnie.".</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The “YUNAI”, as the Costa Ricans nicknamed the company, was
preparing the land in the south of the country for planting bananas when by
accident two workers discovered the first spheres.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFzky-sP1aHjsJ-_d0JsD7-bgke5rTIReE_-MwW4sIzdgQsru67F4ydgrtSX9Nv_t6-lXnyRvNtf8fpL19tgsCYwoQuXkCfJus0VVVK42s3yqkwQ50EJNKI_hDAhWuhjPPJJzeFE98d7U/s1024/5958940941_cec865d10a_b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFzky-sP1aHjsJ-_d0JsD7-bgke5rTIReE_-MwW4sIzdgQsru67F4ydgrtSX9Nv_t6-lXnyRvNtf8fpL19tgsCYwoQuXkCfJus0VVVK42s3yqkwQ50EJNKI_hDAhWuhjPPJJzeFE98d7U/w640-h426/5958940941_cec865d10a_b.jpg" title="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ferrariguy90/5958940941" target="_blank">Flickr</a> By <a class="owner-name truncate" data-track="attributionNameClick" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ferrariguy90/" style="text-align: left;" title="Go to Trevor Huxham's photostream">Trevor Huxham</a><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span>which is licensed under <span style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-ND 2.0</a></span><span style="text-align: left;">]</span></b></span></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">From this event, the spheres have been the subject of
discussions and theories of all kinds: whether they were built by
extraterrestrials, or whether they are the symbols of the social and political
order of the Indian peoples from the Diquis region (South South of the
country). On the other hand, the peoples of the North of the continent (Mayas
and Azteques) or those of the South (Incas among others) had chosen the
verticality of the Pyramid to symbolize their social and political
organization.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The places where the spheres were found have unfortunately
not been respected and many spheres have been removed from their original
locations. So unfortunately we lost the basic information.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Today, thanks to the efforts of specialized researchers from
the National Museum and the community of Palmar Nord and Palmar Sud, the park
of spheres “Finca 6” has been created: it is an archaeological site located in
“Palmar Sur de Osa” where the largest concentration of stone spheres in our
country is found. This site was declared a Historical Heritage of Humanity by
UNESCO in 2014.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijNjOuqaZz6HGJEkykV1oeizZPzC9pB8aa1U-pJFfP7NcHRCPS1mpVyrNtkfZBp2Dj1LwjAJSa2RoocsGHyjnfMix-jzBqsx9TvSID7iXFHbGCEMXuI3G6ukDo69WepEdaplXUfcyfEMQ/s2048/Diquis_Stone_Spheres_in_situ_Finca_6_CR_12_2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijNjOuqaZz6HGJEkykV1oeizZPzC9pB8aa1U-pJFfP7NcHRCPS1mpVyrNtkfZBp2Dj1LwjAJSa2RoocsGHyjnfMix-jzBqsx9TvSID7iXFHbGCEMXuI3G6ukDo69WepEdaplXUfcyfEMQ/w640-h426/Diquis_Stone_Spheres_in_situ_Finca_6_CR_12_2020.jpg" title="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diquis_Stone_Spheres_in_situ_Finca_6_CR_12_2020.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a> which is licensed under <span style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>]</span></b></span></div></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><p></p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE SPHERES TODAY</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The spheres are sculptures that were present in public places
frequented by Indian communities in the area. They were built continuously for
at least 1,000 years (between AD 400 and AD 1500) until the arrival of the
Spaniards in the New World.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">From the year 500 AD, excavations show that there was a
complex social organization, a tribal organization with chiefs
("cacicasgos"), a redistribution of land, as well as a specialization
of agricultural and artisanal productions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The construction of the spheres implied a decision and a
collective organization of work, but also an important effort in order to
achieve these perfectly round works. Approximately 200 various sizes stone
spheres have been found to date, most of their girth is between 2.5cm to 30cm
and the standard size is almost 150 cm.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxDEdZ6iZVZtaaniAaNB2ULKOwANtmQZjYB6zISJ4TAtUZ5e8iWjVBPuFGlozURDwKRTXIggGOT9F0tv_V6ik-pUSvnspFYlX98Y8Cn5j4eO4_Y9lGQfy5lxSE0gLdc_5QYCP_gCudDM/s275/5958940941_cec865d10a_bb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxDEdZ6iZVZtaaniAaNB2ULKOwANtmQZjYB6zISJ4TAtUZ5e8iWjVBPuFGlozURDwKRTXIggGOT9F0tv_V6ik-pUSvnspFYlX98Y8Cn5j4eO4_Y9lGQfy5lxSE0gLdc_5QYCP_gCudDM/w640-h426/5958940941_cec865d10a_bb.jpg" title="Stone Spheres of Costa Rica" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diquis_Stone_Spheres_Museo_Nacional_CRI_01_2020_1903.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a> which is licensed under <span style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>]</span></b></span></div></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">MYTHS RELATED TO THE STONE SPHERES OF COSTA RICA</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Many wonder about the purpose of the existence of the stone
spheres. Although no one is sure, a few myths have been put forward as to how
the stones appeared. Some people believe that the tombstones were used as
compasses or are associated with astronomical things. Some legends claim that
the stones came from the lost continent of Atlantis, while others claim that
the local inhabitants had a part capable of softening the rocks. Other people
believe the stones were used as grave markers or used to mark the property of
former rulers.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The continued manufacture of the spheres and their
locations, located exclusively in the south of the country, show the importance
of these sculptures to our culture.</span></p>
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Despite their mystery, they differentiate us
from the countries of North Central America and remain, for Costa Ricans; these
stones are one of the symbols of their identity.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span face=""Trebuchet MS", sans-serif"><br /></span>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-40076248529785792092020-07-06T01:35:00.008+06:002022-01-30T02:19:03.984+06:00The Lost City of Atlantis | In Search of Submerged Civilization<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;">THE MYTH OF ATLANTIS TOLD BY RAPHAËL WEYLAND</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The myth that a large island and its inhabitants suddenly
disappeared in a tidal wave has passed through the centuries. Based on Plat's
proclaim, the historian Raphaël Weyland narrated about this lost ancient city which is
reappear through recent archaeological excavations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Like other stories of engulfing islands in civilizations
around the world, the story of <b>Atlantis</b> conjures up the idea of a lost
paradise. According to the most common account, the Atlanteans were a very
advanced people who suffered as divine punishment the disappearance of their
island.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXYQlNqW29IakVtMj6Kh3_F6siRsIMllgiAvKgYt22KtY7eD7SDck2iwa1_EM5oUK_tobpuQSY3LQqPJbTuJJnFgUYVTEmt4nQES3ThPCroJvXg0FtLCDvouOz8lB-0VP5-_kgRyktBFM/s1152/215488dc38e0aaa6d385aaeac16302bf.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Atlantis" border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1152" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXYQlNqW29IakVtMj6Kh3_F6siRsIMllgiAvKgYt22KtY7eD7SDck2iwa1_EM5oUK_tobpuQSY3LQqPJbTuJJnFgUYVTEmt4nQES3ThPCroJvXg0FtLCDvouOz8lB-0VP5-_kgRyktBFM/w640-h372/215488dc38e0aaa6d385aaeac16302bf.jpg" title="Atlantis" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/324892560600419937/" target="_blank">Pinterest</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> By </span><a class="Wk9 xQ4 CCY czT DUt kVc" href="https://www.pinterest.com/dgonzal111139/" rel="" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small; text-align: left;">Evangelio Gonzalez</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">]</span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">PLATO'S MENTION OF ATLANTIS</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Greek philosopher Plato describes Atlantis in two of his
dialogues, the Timaeus and the Critias. Through the voice of the character of
Critias, he recounts that the inhabitants of an island, as large as the entire
Middle East, had waged war on the city of Athens. The island sunk into the sea
after they have defeated.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Plato lays the foundations for a myth that is perpetuated
through various literary works and oral history. It is not clear, however,
whether Plato created this account or whether he brought it back from an
existing legend.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQK6zATvfW90YiiPMLI7BoItMbmKnJ1o5yVIaUq9UC-zSjMNLhmJDM1ax0SrwvqXMFzTNhPJ461FZFYv2j_0vnxCTkXcFdnfk03BXXNvMKDoIPKBmMpjFmHqIvMokGbldbT2J6BGhuJyQ/s1200/0_atlantis-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Atlantis" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQK6zATvfW90YiiPMLI7BoItMbmKnJ1o5yVIaUq9UC-zSjMNLhmJDM1ax0SrwvqXMFzTNhPJ461FZFYv2j_0vnxCTkXcFdnfk03BXXNvMKDoIPKBmMpjFmHqIvMokGbldbT2J6BGhuJyQ/w640-h480/0_atlantis-1.jpg" title="Atlantis" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/little-known-search-lost-city-4145500" target="_blank">Cornwalllive</a></span><span> By </span><a class="publication-theme" data-method-continue="" data-reset-responsive-cookie="true" href="https://www.cornwalllive.com/authors/charlotte-becquart/" style="text-align: left;">Charlotte Becquart</a>]</b></span></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">THE ATLANTIS MYSTERY</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Several questions remain unanswered about Atlantis. Has this
continent ever existed? And if so, where was it? According to different
versions of history, it was located near the island of Crete or on the other
side of the Atlantic.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">From the 19th centruy, a movement through
pseudo-scientifically has been formed to find it. Then in 1930s, excavations in
Santorini, Greece influenced that the Atlantis existed. Archaeologist Spyridon Marinatos found the
part of a city buried approximately 15 meters of volcanic deposits. This city,
Akrotiri, is an outpost of Minoan civilization (from 1800 to 1200 BC). If it is
destroyed by the nature then it's destruction does not have the volume of the
disaster of Altantis.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkc8EKdIY5FHudlP6D2RM4CLCwNTTTgcaZHuu6GSYM7oeo2wq6412sDG-tF3HPqh-MOwxZ0I3wrj3a2KUZa2xOh6fSwlTzpxSXkzA5w6Wnt04MJgUST_5iQauZzJHnmRqzBk0B-BuPJOI/s960/atlantis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Atlantis" border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkc8EKdIY5FHudlP6D2RM4CLCwNTTTgcaZHuu6GSYM7oeo2wq6412sDG-tF3HPqh-MOwxZ0I3wrj3a2KUZa2xOh6fSwlTzpxSXkzA5w6Wnt04MJgUST_5iQauZzJHnmRqzBk0B-BuPJOI/w640-h426/atlantis.jpg" title="Atlantis" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://edgy.app/have-we-found-atlantis-at-last-new-tantalizing-clues" target="_blank">EDGY</a></span><span> By </span><a href="https://edgy.app/author/zed" style="text-align: left;"><span class="nameUser">Zayan Guedim</span></a>]</b></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">TRUST THE TEXTS OF PLATO</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In the 2000s, twenty four clues from Plato's dialogues help
scientists to continue finding Atlantis. In particular, the island must be
surrounded by cliffs, have certain types of metals and not be too far from
Athens. But believing all the clues of Plato's list, it is impossible to prove
the existence of Atlantis.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ytycXlOhKfx6AUBCWubgV9U6msWQEuseumKozstJ6unk3cOI7F4BEnmqq_72EbQk7qXg3ww4TvakAEna0RI2qhyphenhyphenNDKUu-bGXMR46nq2MQ6w7PlJ4Akx0OF5Ecpvc0h__p3yhz4st8H8/s575/360_F_263552336_XbNBlS8HS5zJ5S2HjCXThk0ENPoTj247.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Atlantis" border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="575" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ytycXlOhKfx6AUBCWubgV9U6msWQEuseumKozstJ6unk3cOI7F4BEnmqq_72EbQk7qXg3ww4TvakAEna0RI2qhyphenhyphenNDKUu-bGXMR46nq2MQ6w7PlJ4Akx0OF5Ecpvc0h__p3yhz4st8H8/w640-h400/360_F_263552336_XbNBlS8HS5zJ5S2HjCXThk0ENPoTj247.jpg" title="Atlantis" width="640" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"></p><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from<span> </span><a href="https://www.google.com.bd/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fstock.adobe.com%2Fin%2Fsearch%3Fk%3Datlantis%2Bunderwater&psig=AOvVaw0czGgyhWAknlEfKYXMzOHb&ust=1633201196507000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjT_sra8qnzAhUv5zgGHRZZAwsQjhx6BAgAEAo" target="_blank">Adobe Stock</a> which is licensed under <span style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://stock.adobe.com/in/license-terms" target="_blank">Adobe Stock license information</a></span>]</b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">"Assuming the natural disaster in Santorini
is created an impact like a wave in human psyche and then consonated through
Plato, that I can imagine, Affirms Raphaël Weyland." Imagine that you are
going to search a lost civilization along with extraterrestrial hypostasis
which will pieced by extraterrestrials, personal effects like that, I don't
believe in any way.</span></p></div><span face="Trebuchet MS, sans-serif"><br /></span>
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<span face="Trebuchet MS, sans-serif"><br /></span>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-31766114685917127872020-07-04T23:55:00.007+06:002022-01-30T02:19:23.644+06:00The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum | Mystery 2200 Years Old<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><h2><span face="Verdana, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;">THE MYSTERY OF THE QIN SHIHUANG MAUSOLEUM</span></h2></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Archaeologists have unraveled the mysterious plan of the <b>Qin Shihuang Mausoleum</b>, built 2,200 years ago and made famous by the discovery in 1974 of 7,000 warriors and terracotta horses.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Located in Xi'an in northwest China's Shaanxi Province, the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the tomb of Emperor Qin Shihuang, the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 BC) and from all over China.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Covering an area of 2.13 square km, the mausoleum, established on four levels, like a well-organized city, includes a palace in the basement, considered to be the center of the mausoleum, an indoor city, an outdoor city and land.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSs3AQYpAxruT1YmTM-U6klR784rzdz9p8tn6mktY-25FDPIpUH01W_wgqCit2E4A8Re_AwBmw7h4Z1mT-BKs3suPqhnAdlDPEGPUrgTp5VI_bfjZVOSSVjXSMdxGr6yYcCYb5ykFID6c/s275/terracotta_army.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum" border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSs3AQYpAxruT1YmTM-U6klR784rzdz9p8tn6mktY-25FDPIpUH01W_wgqCit2E4A8Re_AwBmw7h4Z1mT-BKs3suPqhnAdlDPEGPUrgTp5VI_bfjZVOSSVjXSMdxGr6yYcCYb5ykFID6c/w640-h426/terracotta_army.jpg" title="The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.google.com.bd/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTerracotta_Army&psig=AOvVaw2aekRNO_edKR-T4GWR7AOM&ust=1633287745687000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwiG4rmQtazzAhXv5TgGHQb2CsYQjhx6BAgAEAo" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a> By Jean-Marie Hullot which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 3.0</a>]</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Yuan Zhongyi, a mausoleum specialist and honorary curator of the Qin Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses said,</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">" The exposure of this structure is the maximum achievement in the study of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in the former 40 years earlier"</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Since the examen of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum continued before forty years, archaeologists have discovered structures around hundreds of square kilometers and approximately 600 burials buried alive with their emperor. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Nevertheless, the plan of the total exterior of the cemetery remained a enigma. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The cemetery, looking east, is a square with 85 meters angling from south to north. The ramparts of the inner town and the outside town are all 12 kilometers long and are alike to those of Xi'an during the Ming dynasty (1368 1368-1644).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyV9esiCdiGKoBgoizS3aGVXVGVnxTnqjKM_Zq_tq-KpMb3oADTFB6N3P4MlgqVaG82fQNXqsXRcSvGI7umsD0YJG5QvozYtCzeThnkBbjz0dSxKX6Q_1NTUbMT6F5yKr7OJ3zCEFDUYM/s1920/china-g94e2c5081_1920.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum" border="0" data-original-height="1271" data-original-width="1920" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyV9esiCdiGKoBgoizS3aGVXVGVnxTnqjKM_Zq_tq-KpMb3oADTFB6N3P4MlgqVaG82fQNXqsXRcSvGI7umsD0YJG5QvozYtCzeThnkBbjz0dSxKX6Q_1NTUbMT6F5yKr7OJ3zCEFDUYM/w640-h424/china-g94e2c5081_1920.jpg" title="The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://pixabay.com/photos/china-xian-army-terracotta-1269582/" target="_blank">Pixabay</a></span><span> By <a href="https://pixabay.com/users/jack78-2032155/" target="_blank">Jack78</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/" target="_blank">CC </a></span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/" target="_blank">Public Domain</a><span>]</span></b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The underground palace, the nucleus, resides under the site of the tomb mound in the south of the inner city. It symbolizes the antique real manor of Qin Shihuang during his time, and occupies two-thirds of the southern portion of the internal town.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The position of the burial mound is the observable part of Qin Shihuang's burial that sightseers can observe.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The inner town has the most edifice and buried relics, namely, the sarcophagus place, flags and forts for honor watchmen and depositories. The lower edifices and the burials for the mistresses of the monarch were also in the inner town. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Archaeologists found a stables, 31 rooms to keep rare birds and animals, 48 tombs where warriors were buried alive with their emperor and also found 3 official buildings surrounded by gardens and temples. Some lower level structures such as large trench containing stone and terracotta statues have been found in this area.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6PDhlcPLTdWsy51VZoQ3goTfGARuAyTxPlT3b1fanPk7BkL7EvaMRFmvsSBn9BkgxUv-igYRm_rAhbBSTjeRu4ZwWsQRubj71uUDvZyjBHfWwdKRlePaP1jzvmWIMD51Tspf1YfwHzsU/s276/china-g94e2c5081_1921.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum" border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6PDhlcPLTdWsy51VZoQ3goTfGARuAyTxPlT3b1fanPk7BkL7EvaMRFmvsSBn9BkgxUv-igYRm_rAhbBSTjeRu4ZwWsQRubj71uUDvZyjBHfWwdKRlePaP1jzvmWIMD51Tspf1YfwHzsU/w640-h424/china-g94e2c5081_1921.jpg" title="The Qin Shihuang Mausoleum" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1047745" target="_blank">PxHere</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/" target="_blank">CC </a></span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/" target="_blank">Public Domain</a><span style="font-family: verdana;">]</span></b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Outside the exterior town, alongside the famed fighters and terracotta equines, archaeologists have begin 98 chambers for small troops and numerous burials for those buried with Emperor Qin Shihuang. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The doors of the interior and exterior cities to the west and east were built in the form of courtyards. The town wall in the tomb has priories on both sides with turrets at the four intersections. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Emperor Qin Shihuang was the first emperor of China to build a mausoleum city and to have coffin chambers and subordinate palaces built within the mausoleum. It was also he who started the ritual and established the building rooms to buried alive on a large scale along with the tomb owner. Another unusual finding is that the mausoleum does not have a tomb for the empress.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div></div>
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<br />Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1076986504363311838.post-91778255661754654512020-06-30T22:07:00.005+06:002022-01-30T02:19:34.760+06:00The Stonehenge Site | An Enigma For History<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">THE STONEHENGE SITE, AN ENIGMA FOR HISTORY</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Stonehenge</b> is England’s main prehistoric sanctuary and one of the most
disturbing in the world. A fabled place that remains among the essential visits
to make with our English neighbors.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4337DzwBBLONKPeH3QagholZucpOy-IZ5WNWFJMS6o_YQuMsCWVt3GpI4_MStRkzgAuR3ARkrt2fYia2fHx-reMxQ7WQiAzyuocNAgZ-9-JJ55dN-_QsJIZECXTIUsYiHq6QL97XCG0/s1280/stonehenge-2326750_1280.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Stonehenge Site" border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4337DzwBBLONKPeH3QagholZucpOy-IZ5WNWFJMS6o_YQuMsCWVt3GpI4_MStRkzgAuR3ARkrt2fYia2fHx-reMxQ7WQiAzyuocNAgZ-9-JJ55dN-_QsJIZECXTIUsYiHq6QL97XCG0/w640-h426/stonehenge-2326750_1280.jpg" title="Stonehenge Site" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><b>[This picture is collected from <a href="https://pixabay.com/photos/stonehenge-monument-prehistoric-2326750/" target="_blank">Pixabay</a> By <a href="https://pixabay.com/users/thedigitalartist-202249/" target="_blank">TheDigitalArtist</a> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/" target="_blank">Public Domain Certification</a>]</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">STONEHENGE, PREHISTORIC SANCTUARY</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Leaving London to arrive in Wiltshire County, in the significant heart
of Great Britain, the road through the Salisbury Plain is a bit monotonous. The
emotion is all the subordinate when we ultimately discover on the right the
ghostly contour of the monuments of Stonehenge. Everyone has in mind the image
of this mysterious circle of giant tombstones erect towards the sky, classified
as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It's insoluble not to be impressed by the
discovery of this mysterious sanctuary.</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A PRESERVED ENCLOSURE</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The locale is part of the heritage managed by the English Heritage.
It's one of the busiest in England and arrangements have been made to manage
the binge of the numerous visitors. A Visitor Center has been set up at the
entrance to the venue, 2 km from the standing tombstones. You can visit the
gallery which brings together 200 archaeological remains and constitutional
with children in the small reconstructed huts of a Neolithic vill. You can
enter the tombstone circle on base or in a shuttle. The locale is defended by a
barricade forming a large circle around the monument.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1eic0X88M_i_67NiahmKhNpgaPHgGIK9NvBSC7Sj7U-Rutd1cSo-fYPsJu6QMPsFpvF2RMEdu_jnbTT_1R833EnZLvl3M0uXUOP6yknWzWPDWi7tSpnNCK53Cs4N3yedG6JpEeScyUPs/s1024/33195910630_06350cc953_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Stonehenge Site" border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="1024" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1eic0X88M_i_67NiahmKhNpgaPHgGIK9NvBSC7Sj7U-Rutd1cSo-fYPsJu6QMPsFpvF2RMEdu_jnbTT_1R833EnZLvl3M0uXUOP6yknWzWPDWi7tSpnNCK53Cs4N3yedG6JpEeScyUPs/w640-h392/33195910630_06350cc953_b.jpg" title="The Stonehenge Site" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/152977080@N03/33195910630" target="_blank">Flickr</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> By <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/152977080@N03/" target="_blank">Momentum Dash</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" target="_blank">CCO 1.0</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;">]</span></b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">WHO, WHEN, HOW, WHY?</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sanctuary of a solar cult, astronomical outlook, funerary monument.
Who, when, how and why did men, so long ago, go to great lengths to erect this
monumental tombstone circle? The enigma remains about Stonehenge. The word
Saxon means" stone gibbet" or "hanging stone" which evokes
the construction assembled in pillars and lintels. The subject fascinates
archaeologists, astronomers and guests. The spot was used for a long time by
the Celtic druids for their rituals. But the heavy standing monuments were
there long before they arrived. They were erected by ancient indigenous
populations. And not, as chroniclers have long reflection, by the Mycenaean.</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">THE REALM OF THE DEAD</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A first external quadrangle 90 rhythms in circumference was raised
around 3000 whiles before our time. It's bounded by a small levee lined with a
trench. The entrance to the sacred circle was indicated by two headstones. A
third tombstone, Hell Stone, was placed outside the quadrangle. There were still
four batches of sandstone, Station Saracens, to tag the four cardinal
junctures. 56 holes dug in the inner side of the anomaly revealed multiplex
natural bones. The venue was probably used as a cremation center and burial
venue for centuries.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2nl37C8E1JoY8Twb9s2nCE_PMlI2cH2BvJ3TCMTFEPrtxNap3bIDseEAsdbGu6aer_z1V7uIvpCztdKvC7be5XowWGbP4dFtN4hRzaB7aKeprObPhqVKFKZlTymlw4zx8tWT3bkTndMM/s1752/Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Stonehenge Site" border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1752" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2nl37C8E1JoY8Twb9s2nCE_PMlI2cH2BvJ3TCMTFEPrtxNap3bIDseEAsdbGu6aer_z1V7uIvpCztdKvC7be5XowWGbP4dFtN4hRzaB7aKeprObPhqVKFKZlTymlw4zx8tWT3bkTndMM/w640-h436/Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg" title="The Stonehenge Site" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">[This picture is collected from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stonehenge_back_wide.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> By </span>Frédéric Vincent which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 2.0</a>]</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A CIRCLE OF BLUE MONUMENTS</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Around spells before our period, the spot was transmuted by the
construction of an inner circle made up of 80 uncut blue monuments, the blues
monuments. These monuments come from Preseli Hills, fresh than 200 km in South
West Wales! They were probably transferred by water through the Bristol
Channel. Five hundred spells thereafter, this structure is dismounted and
assembled to form an inner circle. It's girdled by a first strand monument
circle probably from Marlborough Downs, 30 km north of the spot.</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">MENHIRS IN BALANCE</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Moment, a certain number of gravestones have collapsed or have
dematerialized, but one can still appreciate a set of standing gravestones
formed by two upright supports added than 4m high on which rests a lintel
clenched by tenons and mortises. A specialized feat when you allow that wheeled
wagons didn't be when construction started. These gravestones are believed to
have been pulled from sleds by hundreds of men. They were lifted and set up
using tree bins, dials and scaffolding made of clumsy logs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9N0TuBXU9u-SmFpsvS2Q0jcDSL68fqrdD9pdjtP8wv3ry1R5IqUw3SB2lhbeAUsa5bA2iH4dM9Q0Zorb9o2pJsZkkFd1gRq0Kq22ALv7V6U6daW6RfCK7PrPf_KN6pJ4IdQARoTAOUU/s1023/12286368774_607b2a861d_b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Stonehenge Site" border="0" data-original-height="575" data-original-width="1023" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9N0TuBXU9u-SmFpsvS2Q0jcDSL68fqrdD9pdjtP8wv3ry1R5IqUw3SB2lhbeAUsa5bA2iH4dM9Q0Zorb9o2pJsZkkFd1gRq0Kq22ALv7V6U6daW6RfCK7PrPf_KN6pJ4IdQARoTAOUU/w640-h360/12286368774_607b2a861d_b.jpg" title="The Stonehenge Site" width="640" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">[This picture is collected from<span> </span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/63122283@N06/12286368774" target="_blank">Flickr</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> By <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/63122283@N06/" target="_blank">Nelo Hotsuma</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> which is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0</a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;">]</span></b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">AN ASTRONOMICAL OUTLOOK</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Multiple more or less eccentric suppositions have been developed about
Stonehenge standing monuments. Could it be an astronomical outlook or a
sanctuary earmarked to the idolatry of the sun? Possibly a orthodox place where
the change of seasons was celebrated? What's certain is that on the day of the
summer solstice, if we look towards the sun from the central monument, it rises
exactly above the magic monument of the Talon, Hell Stone, placed at the
entrance 800 m out. Other mileposts feel to coincide with the equinoxes and the
cycle of lunar degringolades. And yet, the so- called primitive populations who
erected the monuments probably didn't have the scientific knowledge to engender
such an outlook. Stonehenge still hasn't disclosed all of its enigmas!</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">TRAVEL GUIDE</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Stonehenge, Wiltshire SP4 7DE. Access via the M3 motorway either A 303
or A 360 to Airman’s Corner. The locus is located 16 km north of Salisbury. Day
passages by car are organized from London to explore the Stonehenge locus. For
else information, visit these: <a href="http//www.visitwiltshire.co.uk" target="_blank">http//www.visitwiltshire.co.uk</a> | <a href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk" target="_blank">www.english-heritage.org.uk</a> |
<a href="http//www.visitbritain.com" target="_blank">http//www.visitbritain.com</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="313" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XcC7KP4qQS0" width="502" youtube-src-id="XcC7KP4qQS0"></iframe></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></p></div><i></i>Ehsanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06995451317256957248noreply@blogger.com0Dhaka, Bangladesh23.810332 90.4125181-4.4999018361788465 55.2562681 52.120565836178841 125.5687681